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“干细胞旅游者”死于干细胞治疗

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[第1楼 PID5847] 2010-06-21 12:56 GoldenPig 写道:

“干细胞旅游者”死于干细胞治疗

  干细胞疗法的疗效和安全性至今未获验证,FDA也没有在美国批准试验此种疗法,但在中国、墨西哥和哥斯达黎加等地,干细胞疗法却相当流行,没有受到管制,因此吸引了无数患者前往治疗,出现了所谓的“干细胞旅游业”。上周哥斯达黎加政府取缔了一家干细胞治疗诊所。本周有报道称,一位患者在泰国一家诊所接受干细胞治疗后死亡:
以下是被引用的内容:
一位患有“狼疮性肾炎”的女性患者,在曼谷一家私人诊所接受了干细胞治疗。医生从她自身的骨髓中提取出干细胞,直接注入到患者的肾脏。根据发表在《美国肾脏病学会》杂志上的病例分析报告,患者在接受治疗后就开始出现肾衰竭,一年后她的一个肾脏已经坏死,两年后她因此而死亡。尸检发现干细胞治疗未对其肾脏产生任何好处,反而在注射部位观察到了病变。
报道全文如下:
以下是被引用的内容:

Danger, Stem Cell Tourists: Patient in Thailand Dies From Treatment

URL: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2010/06/18/danger-stem-cell-tourists-patient-in-thailand-dies-from-treatment/

A woman with kidney disease has died after receiving an experimental stem cell treatment at a private clinic in Thailand, and a postmortem examination of her kidneys revealed that the treatment was almost certainly responsible for her death. Last week we reported that Costa Rica’s health ministry had closed a stem cell clinic that catered to foreigners, which sparked lively debates around the Internet about whether patients should be able to willingly take on risks associated with experimental treatments. This new case offers a sobering reminder of what can happen when patients travel abroad looking for a miracle cure.



The woman suffered from lupus nephritis, a disease in which the immune system attacks the kidneys. When medications no longer controlled her disease, she went to a still-unnamed clinic in Bangkok where doctors said they could treat her disease using stem cells drawn from her own bone marrow. There was some medical rationale for this:

Bona-fide trials in European clinics about six years ago showed that some people with similar kidney disease benefited if stem cells from their own bone marrow were injected into their blood. The body’s immune system was first deliberately destroyed with powerful immunosuppressive drugs, then the reinjected stem cells helped to stop the attacks on the kidney by rebuilding and rebalancing the immune system. [New Scientist]

However, the Thai clinic didn’t inject the stem cells into the patient’s blood stream, instead they injected them directly into her kidneys. That means the stem cells did nothing to stop the immune system’s attack on the organs–and they instead produced never-before-seen side effects.

According to a paper about the case just published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, the woman went into a decline soon after her treatment. Within three months she required dialysis, within a year one kidney had failed, and within two years she was dead. A team of Thai and Canadian researchers performed a postmortem analysis of the kidneys, and found no evidence at all that the treatment had benefited the woman–and they found strange lumps and lesions at the sites of injection. Further investigation revealed that the masses were tangled mixtures of blood vessels and bone marrow cells.

Dr Duangpen Thirabanjasak, from Chulalongkorn University, who led the research, said: “This type of lesion has never been described before in patients, and we believe that this is either formed directly by the stem cells that were injected or that the stem cells caused these masses to form.” [BBC]

Susan Quaggin, who wrote a commentary about the case for the same nephrology journal, says this tragic incident doesn’t cast a pall on reputable medical research on stem cell therapies, as animal trials and safety studies are built in to the system to protect patients.

But she says that the Thai results are yet another reminder that sick people should not gamble with their safety, and money, by turning to stem-cell tourism peddled by unscrupulous operators. “The sad part is that many people are desperate, and what makes it even worse is that it costs lots of money,” says Quaggin [New Scientist].
[第2楼 PID5847] 2012-08-20 19:27 Robot :

“干细胞旅游者”死于干细胞治疗 相关

[第3楼 PID5848] 2010-06-21 12:58 GoldenPig 写道:

回复: “干细胞旅游者”死于干细胞治疗

  目前国风许多医院开展了“干细胞疗法”治疗帕金森病。因此各位家属和患者在做这类手术之类,切记认真评估手术风险。
[第4楼 PID5851] 2010-06-30 13:35 GoldenPig 写道:

回复: “干细胞旅游者”死于干细胞治疗

补充资料:《MIT技术评论》报道,通过直接向大脑注射干细胞,科学家成功恢复了神经有先天缺陷的老鼠,它们的母亲在怀孕期间被喂食了海洛因。尽管多数移植的干细胞没有生存下来,但它们诱使大脑自己的细胞去完成大量的修复。
以下是被引用的内容:
干细胞移植技术之前已被证明对能逆转中风引起的大脑损伤,以及帕金森、阿兹海默症、亨廷顿等神经疾病。但用于治疗先天缺陷则属于新领域。最近几年来有多个研究小组在研究先天缺陷的干细胞疗法。耶路撒冷希伯来医学院的研究神经性先天缺陷的Ross实验室负责人Joseph Yanai称,干细胞疗法是先天缺陷理想疗法,因为先天缺陷的病因机制是多方面的,是难以搞清的。他说,干细胞将相当于小小医生,它们会寻找缺陷,进行诊断,然后区分哪些需要修复。他们从某种程度上确实在做医生的事情。
原文地址: http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/21930/?a=f
以下是被引用的内容:

By injecting stem cells directly into the brain, scientists have successfully reversed neural birth defects in mice whose mothers were given heroin during pregnancy. Even though most of the transplanted cells did not survive, they induced the brain's own cells to carry out extensive repairs.
Repairing damage: Neural stem cells, tagged green with a fluorescent dye, have been transplanted among the brain cells (red) of a mouse born with brain damage after its mother was given heroin during pregnancy. Transplants like this one seemed to effectively reverse the cellular, biochemical, and behavioral defects suffered by heroin-damaged mice.
Credit: Joseph Yanai

Transplanted stem cells have previously shown promise in reversing brain damage caused by strokes, as well as by neurological diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's. But their use in treating birth defects is relatively new. In recent years, a handful of research teams have been developing stem-cell-based therapies for rodents with real or simulated birth defects in the brain.

Joseph Yanai, director of the Ross Laboratory for Studies in Neural Birth Defects at the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, in Jerusalem, says that stem-cell therapies are ideal for treating birth defects where the mechanism of damage is multifaceted and poorly understood. "If you use neural stem cells," says Yanai, "they are your little doctors. They're looking for the defect, they're diagnosing it, and they're differentiating into what's needed to repair the defect. They are doing my job, in a way."

Yanai and his colleagues began with mice that had been exposed to heroin in the womb. These mice suffer from learning deficits; when placed in a tank of murky water, for instance, they take longer than normal mice to find their way back to a submerged platform. And in their hippocampus--an area of the brain associated with memory and navigation--critical biochemical pathways are disrupted, and fewer new cells are produced.

All of those problems are swiftly resolved when the researchers inject neural stem cells derived from embryonic mice into the brains of the heroin-exposed animals. When swimming, the treated mice caught up with their normal counterparts, and their cellular and biochemical deficits disappeared. Yanai announced these findings in 2007 and 2008.

Such dramatic results were surprising, considering that just a fraction of a percent of the transplanted stem cells survived inside the mice's brains. But they are consistent with an emerging consensus of how adult stem cells perform their many functions through so-called bystander or chaperone effects. Beyond simply generating replacements for damaged cells, stem cells seem to produce signals that spur other cells to carry out normal organ maintenance and initiate damage control.

Story continues below

"The chaperone effect is an important aspect of stem-cell biology that's simply been under-recognized," says Evan Snyder, who directs the Stem Cell Research Center at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research, in California, and whose research group coined the term in 2002. "That actually may be the low-hanging fruit in the stem-cell field--taking advantage of this, and not the cell-replacement aspect that we always thought would be the key to stem-cell biology in regenerative medicine."

Cesar Borlongan, a professor and vice chairman for research in the department of neurosurgery at the University of South Florida College of Medicine, uses a different model to explore the use of stem-cell treatment for brain-damaged infants. By deliberately restricting blood and oxygen flow to the brains of newborn rats, he and his colleagues simulate the effects of an infant stroke--a devastating event that causes untreatable brain injury in newborn humans.

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